过去10年来，在水资源管理的体制建设以及发展政策和管制框架方面，在加强地方企业和社区水资源管理和提供服务的不同方面的能力等方面，都取得了很大进展。在人力资源开发和转让技术能力方面取得了良好成果，但是，在创建可持续的组织和机构方面成果有限。

  水务部门机构一般都比较薄弱，资金不足，虽然过去十年中它们促进水的立法、水的政策和水务管理的能力有了发展。过去的成就主要与对新的物质结构投资相关，最近供水部门的发展趋势与改善管理和机构改革相关。执行机构改革有一个共同问题，即供水部门规模很大，类别各不相同，因此责任很分散，至少有若干机构分担。在解决不同部门相互竞争的供水需求以及权力分配方面仍然存在很大问题。近几年来，灌溉用水和城市用水需求两者之间的竞争日趋激烈，因此，实行全国统一供水管理的必要性引起了人们很大的关注；同样，人们也进一步认识到淡水资源、包括维持生态完整性所带来的各种当地利益的重要性。

  由于缺少足够的资金和政治决心，发展中国家能力建设活动的可持续性仍然是令人关注的主要问题。为水务管理收集资料和数据往往依赖项目活动；一旦项目完成，就放弃了收集数据的活动。过去十年来，世界许多地区应该成为水资源政策依据的观察网络和基本水文现象评估工作不断恶化。政府工作人员缺乏动力，薪金很低，他们往往成为阻碍加强技术和机构能力的主要因素。有针对性的需求评估和由需求驱动的做法是确保可持续性的关键因素。对开发计划署21世纪能力方案的评价结论是，能力发展是一种内在的进程，不能靠外部干预来强加，也不能由外部干预所取代。

原文如下：

Capacity-building

Considerable progress has been made over the last decade in terms of institution building and the development of policy and regulatory frameworks for water resources management, also in strengthening capacities of local enterprises and communities in different aspects of water resource management and service provision. Good results have been achieved in human resources development and the transfer of technical skills, but there has been limited success in creating sustainable organizations and institutions.

Water sector institutions generally remain weak and underfunded, although they have developed during the last decade in terms of their capacities to contribute to water legislation, water policy, and water administration. While past achievements were associated mainly with investment in new physical structures, recent developments in the water sector are associated with improved management and institutional changes. A common problem in implementing institutional reform is that the water sector is large and diverse and responsibility for it is fragmented, or at least divided among several agencies. Considerable problems still remain with resolving competing demands for water from different sectors and with allocation of rights. Increasing competition between demands for irrigation and urban water, in particular, has brought the need for national integrated water management into sharper focus in recent years; likewise the greater appreciation of the value of various in situ benefits provided by freshwater resources, including maintenance of ecosystem integrity.

The sustainability of capacity-building activities in developing countries remains a major source of concern due to lack of adequate funding and political commitment. Collection of information and data for water management is often dependent on project activities; once the project is completed, data collection activities are abandoned. Observation networks and evaluation of basic hydrological phenomena that should serve as the basis of water resources policy have deteriorated in many parts of the world over the past decade. Poorly motivated, low-paid government staff are frequently a major constraint to strengthening technical and institutional capacities. Targeted needs assessments and demand-driven approaches are crucial to secure sustainability. Evaluation of the UNDP 21 pacity programme has concluded that capacity development is an endogenous process, which cannot be mposed or replaced by outside interventions.